Part 7: Academic and Advanced English Grammar

46. Cohesion and Discourse Grammar

• Grammatical cohesion

• Reference and substitution

• Ellipsis

• Connectives and transition expressions

• Given and new information

• Topic and focus

• Coherence between clauses and sentences

47. Academic English Grammar

• Formal sentence structures

• Complex noun phrases

• Nominalization

• Passive constructions in academic writing

• Hedging and cautious claims

• Reporting and attribution structures

• Grammatical precision

• Concise academic expression

48. Grammar in Formal and Informal Registers

• Formal versus informal constructions

• Spoken versus written grammar

• Contractions and reduced forms

• Politeness and indirectness

• Register-appropriate modal verbs

• Grammar across English varieties

49. Advanced Syntax and Grammatical Analysis

• Constituency and phrase structure

• Syntactic categories

• Grammatical functions

• Complementation and valency

• Coordination and subordination

• Grammatical dependencies

• Structural ambiguity

• Grammaticality and acceptability

50. Applied English Grammar

• Grammar for everyday communication

• Grammar for conversation

• Grammar for business correspondence

• Grammar for presentations

• Grammar for academic essays

• Grammar for scientific and technical writing

• Grammar for TOEFL and IELTS

• Grammar editing and proofreading