Part 3: Sentence Structure and Syntax

16. Elements of a Sentence

• Subjects

• Predicates

• Direct objects

• Indirect objects

• Subject complements

• Object complements

• Adjuncts and adverbials

17. Sentence Types

• Declarative sentences

• Interrogative sentences

• Imperative sentences

• Exclamative sentences

• Affirmative and negative sentences

18. Sentence Structures

• Simple sentences

• Compound sentences

• Complex sentences

• Compound-complex sentences

• Major sentence patterns

• Sentence fragments

• Run-on sentences

19. Phrases

• Noun phrases

• Verb phrases

• Adjective phrases

• Adverb phrases

• Prepositional phrases

• Infinitive phrases

• Participial phrases

• Gerund phrases

• Appositive phrases

20. Clauses

• Independent clauses

• Dependent clauses

• Finite clauses

• Non-finite clauses

• Noun clauses

• Relative clauses

• Adverbial clauses

• Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses

21. Word Order

• Subject–verb–object order

• Subject–verb–complement structures

• Placement of modifiers

• Adverb placement

• Direct and indirect object placement

• Word order in questions

• Inversion

• Fronting

22. Subject–Verb Agreement

• Singular and plural agreement

• Agreement with compound subjects

• Agreement with collective nouns

• Agreement with indefinite pronouns

• Agreement with intervening phrases

• Agreement with quantities

• Agreement in existential constructions